1. Announcing the expedition — Rajab 9 AH
In the peak of heat, at fruit-ripening season, the Prophet ﷺ learned that the Romans had gathered a vast army in al-Sham to invade the Peninsula. This time he did not conceal the direction — the gravity demanded transparency. He ordered the march and urged donations. ʿUthman ﭬ gave 1,000 dinars + 300 fully-equipped camels + 50 horses. The Prophet ﷺ said: "Nothing will harm ʿUthman from anything he does after today."
««مَا ضَرَّ عُثْمَانَ مَا عَمِلَ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ»»
Sunan al-Tirmidhi 3701 (hasan)