Major events of the Prophetic biography and their locations.
The Prophet's ﷺ migration with Abu Bakr ﭬ from Makkah to Madinah via Cave Thawr and the western coast — the start of the Islamic calendar.
313 Muslims faced 1,000 Qurashis southwest of Madinah — the first decisive battle in Islam. Allah sent down victory with a thousand angels.
700 Muslims faced 3,000 Qurashis at Mount Uhud, north of Madinah. The archers abandoned their post; victory turned, and 70 martyrs fell — including Hamza, master of the martyrs.
The Confederate siege of Madinah (10,000) led by Quraysh and Ghatafan. The Muslims dug a trench on Salman al-Farisi's ﭬ counsel; the Confederates failed, and Allah sent a wind that tore down their tents.
A ten-year peace treaty between the Prophet ﷺ and Quraysh. Allah named it "a manifest victory" because it opened the call to all of Arabia. Under its tree, 1,400 Companions pledged the Pledge of Riḍwan.
The Muslims took 8 Jewish fortresses north of Madinah. The Prophet ﷺ gave the standard to ʿAli ﭬ who took the great fortress of al-Qamus — Allah completed the victory with the farming truce.
The Prophet ﷺ entered Makkah with 10,000 warriors twenty years after the persecution. He broke the idols at the Kaʿbah and proclaimed the general amnesty: "Go, for you are free."
12,000 Muslims ambushed by Hawazin in a narrow valley east of Makkah. Arrows broke them; many fled, but the Prophet ﷺ held with a hundred of his finest Companions until Allah returned victory.
30,000 Muslims marched 700 km north in extreme heat. They did not meet the Romans, but Allah raised the Muslims' standing. Kaʿb ibn Mālik and two others stayed back; their repentance descended from heaven.
The Prophet's ﷺ only Hajj after the Hijra. He delivered his universal sermon at ʿArafat to 100,000+ Muslims, and Allah revealed: {Today I have perfected your religion for you}.
Jibrīl ﷺ descended on the Prophet ﷺ in Cave Hira with the first of the Qur'an: {Read in the name of your Lord who created} — the moment the final message began.
The qibla shifted from Jerusalem to the sacred Kaʿbah mid-prayer — during Dhuhr, with the recitation of Surat al-Baqarah verse 144.
At two Hajj seasons, the Ansar pledged to the Prophet ﷺ at ʿAqaba: 12 men in the first, then 73 men and 2 women in the second — paving the way for the Hijra.
The Prophet ﷺ called the Christians of Najran to mutual invocation — bringing Fāṭima, ʿAli, al-Ḥasan, and al-Ḥusayn ﭬ. Seeing this, they withdrew and conceded the truth.
The Prophet ﷺ returned to his Lord in ʿĀʾisha's ﭺ chamber and was buried where he passed. The Companions gathered at Saqīfat Banu Sāʿida and pledged to Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ﭬ as caliph.